Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV)

Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) refers to the standardized process through which installations and aircraft operators subject to the EU ETS:

• Monitor their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in accordance with an approved monitoring plan;
• Report their annual emissions through a verified emissions report submitted to the competent authority;
• Undergo independent verification of their emissions data by an accredited third-party verifier, ensuring the reported information is complete, consistent, and accurate.

The MRV requirements are set out primarily in:

• Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions (MRR);
• Regulation (EU) 2018/2067 on the verification of data and the accreditation of verifiers (AVR).

These regulations define detailed technical rules on how emissions should be measured or calculated, what data must be collected, how it should be reported, and how independent verifiers must perform their work.